Transformation of sentence (Affirmative/ Negative/ Interogative/ Exclamatory)

                                                          Transformation of sentence

                                                                 Affirmative to Negative:

v Rule 1:(Only/alone-----none but/nothing but/not more than)

Only বা alone এর পরিবর্তে উত্তর বাক্যের শুরুতে None but বসে। আর কোন পরিবর্তন হয়না।

Affirmative: Only he can play good cricket.
Negative: None but he can play good cricket.
Affirmative: Only the science students can apply for the post.
Negative: None but the science students can apply for the post.
Affirmative: Only they can do the work.
Negative: None but they can do the work.

ü  Note: বস্তুর ক্ষেত্রে only এর পরিবর্তে nothing but বসে। তবে বয়সের ক্ষেত্রে বা সংখ্যার ক্ষেত্রে only এর পরিবর্তে not more than বসে।

Affirmative: He is only four.
Negative: He is not more than four.
Affirmative: They have only two cars.
Negative: They have not more than two cars.

v Rule 2:(must-----can not but/can not help)

Affirmative sentence এ must থাকলে negative করার সময় must এর পরিবর্তে can not but/ can not help বসে। তবে can not help এর পরে যে verb থাকে তার সাথে ing যুক্ত করতে হয়।

Affirmative: You must yield to your fate.
Negative: You can not but yield to your fate.
Affirmative: We must obey our parents.
Negative: We can not but obey our parents.
Affirmative: You must care them.
Negative: You can not help caring them.

v Rule 3(every-------there is no)

Every কে Negative করতে হলে Every এর পরিবর্তে There is no বসে + every এর পরের শব্দটি বসে + but + প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকী অংশ।

Affirmative: Everyone hates a terrorist.
Negative: There is no one but hates a terrorist.
Affirmative: Everybody fears a lion.
Negative: There is no body but fears a lion.

v Rule 4:(as soon as---------no sooner had)

As soon as যুক্ত sentence কে Negative করতে হলে-

As soon as এর জায়গায় no sooner had বসবে + প্রদত্ত Sentence এর কর্তা বসে + সে Sentence এর মূল verb এর past participle form বসে + সে sentence বাকী অংশ বসে + than + দ্বিতীয় বাক্য বসে।

Affirmative: As soon as he he saw the tiger, he ran away.
Negative: No sooner had he seen the Tiger than he ran away.
Negative: No sooner had the boy saw the police, he ran away.
Affirmative : As soon as the boy seen the police than he ran away.

v Rule 5:

Affirmative sentence কে Negative করার সময় উক্ত sentence এর Affirmative শব্দটির Negative রূপ বসাতে হয়। এবং উক্ত Negative এর পূর্বে not বসাতে হয়। বাকী সব ঠিক  থাকে।

Affirmative: He is a good man.
Negative: He is not a bad man.
Affirmative: Rakib is an honest boy.
Negative: Rakib is not a dishonest boy.
Affirmative: This was an extra-ordinary ship.
Negative: This was not an ordinary ship.

v Rule 6:(always---------never)

Always যুক্ত Affirmative sentence কে Negative করতে হলে Always এর পরিবর্তে never বসে। Affirmative শব্দটির Negative রূপ বসাতে হয়।

Affirmative: He was always punctual.
Negative: He was never late.
Affirmative: I always tell truth.
Negative: I never tell lie.

v Rule 7:

Superlative degree যুক্ত Affirmative sentence কে Negative করতে হলে –

No other + superlative এর পরের অংশ + verb + as + superlative degree এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.

Affirmative: He is the best batsman in the team.
Negative: No other batsman in the team is as good as him.
Affirmative: You are the best boy in the class.
Negative: No other boy in the class is as good as you.

v Rule 8:

Than any other/than all other যুক্ত comparative degree কে Negative করতে হলে –

No other + any other/all other এর পরের অংশ বসে + প্রদত্ত verb + so/as বসে + comparative degree এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.

Affirmative: He is better than any other boy in the class.
Negative: No other boy in the class is as good as him.
Affirmative: Dhaka is bigger than all other cities in Bangladesh.
Negative: No other city in Bangladesh is as big as Dhaka.

v Rule 9:

Than যুক্ত comparative degree কে Negative করতে হলে,Than এর শেষের অংশ প্রথমে বসে + verb (tense ও person অনুযায়ী) + not + so/as + comparative degree এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.

Affirmative: He is stronger than you.
Negative: You are not as/so strong as him.
Affirmative: I am taller than you.
Negtive: You are not as tall as me.

v Rule 10:

As....as যুক্ত positive degree কে Negative করতে হলে –

প্রথম as এর পরিবর্তে not less শেষ as এর পরিবর্তে than বসে।

Affirmative: Robi and Rahat were as strong as Rakib.
Negative: Robi and Rahat were not less strong than Rakib.
Affirmative: He is as good as you.
Negative: He is not less good than you

.

v Rule 11:

Less...than যুক্ত sentence কে Negative করতে হলে –

Less এর জায়গায় not as বসবে এবং than এর জায়গায় as বসবে।

Affirmative: He is less ugly than you said.
Negative: He is not as ugly as you said.
Affirmative: You are less good than he said.
Negative: You are not as good as he said

v Rule 12:

Too.....to যুক্ত sentence কে Negative করতে হলে –

Too এর জায়গায় so বসে + Too এর পরের adjective/adverb বসে + that বসে + পনুরায় subject বসে। + tense অনুযায়ী can not/could not + প্রদত্ত to এর পরের অংশ বসে।

Affirmative: He is too weak to walk.
Negative: He is so weak that he can not walk.
Affirmative: The sum was too difficult for me to work out.
Negative: The sum was so difficult for me that I could not work out.

v Rule -13:

কোন বাক্যে sometimes থাকলে sometimes এর পরিবর্তে not always বসিয়ে negative করতে হয়।

Affirmative:My friend sometimes visits me

Negativ: My friend not always visits me

A poor man is sometimes happy

Negative: A poor man is not always happy.

v Rule;14

Many যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে negative করতে হলে many এর পরিবর্তে not a few বসাতে হয়।

Affirmative:There are many students in the class.

Neg: There are not a few students in the class.

v Rule; 15

few যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে negative করতে হলে few এর পরিবর্তে not many

 বসাতে হয়।

Affirmative: There are few students in the class.

Negative: There are not many students in the class.

Affirmative:I have a few friends

Neg; I have not many friends.

v Rule;16

A little যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে negative করতে হলে a litte এর পরিবর্তে not much বসাতে হয়।

Affirmative:I have a little rice.

Negative; I have not much rice

v Rule ;17

Much  যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে negative করতে হলে much এর পরিবর্তে not a littleবসাতে হয়।

Affirmative:I have a  much water.

Neg; i have not a little water.

v Rule-18(By-------without)

Ex.

Affirmative By working hard, we can prosper in our life

Negative: without working hard we can not prosper in life.

Affirmative: by reading books, we can eaquire knowledge.

Negative:

                                         

                                                                                     Exercise

v Transform the following sentences into negative.

1)the old man was alone alive. 2)Only the garduates should apply. 3)only the moon is visible. 4) man must submit to detiny. 5)all men must die. 6)as soon as teacher entered the class room, the students stood up. 7)every body believes in his honesty. 8) I forgot his name. 9) every rose has a thron. 10)she is too poor to buy a gift for her brother. 11) man is mortal 12)travelling is always pleasant. 13)we should speak the truth 14) he refused the prize. 15)dhaka is an old city.

v Transform the following sentences into affirmative:

1)    He was never late. 2) there are not a few people in bangladesh.3)Rashed is not less wise than Sima. 5)my friend not always visits me. 6)bangladesh is not a rich country. 7) not only Rakib but also Sima are good students. 8)I shall never be ungrateful to you. 9)I never disagree with him. 10)isn’t earth is round.

                                                            Assertive to interrogative

v Rule 1:

অর্থ পরিবর্তন না করে সাহায্যকারী verb যুক্ত Affirmative sentence কে interrogative এ রুপান্তর করার সময় sentence টি যদি affirmative হয় তাহলে – Auxiliary verb + n’t + subject + বাকী + ?

Note- Affirmative এ will, can, shall, am থাকলে interrogative এ রুপান্তর করার সময় won’t, can’t, shan’t, ain’t হয়.

Assertive – He is in the school.
Interrogative – Isn’t he in the school?
Assertive – You can do the work.
Interrogative – Can’t you do the work?

v Rule 2:

Auxiliary verb যুক্ত negative অর্থ-বোধক Assertive sentence কে interrogative এ রুপান্তর করার সময় negative উঠে যায়। এবং সাহায্যকারী verb প্রথমে বসে। শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

Assertive – He is not in the school.
Interrogative – Is he in the school?
Assertive – I shall not go to Dhaka tomorrow.
Interrogative – Shall I go to Dhaka tomorrow?

v Rule 3:

Auxiliary verb বিহীন Assertive sentence interrogative এ রুপান্তর করার সময় –

Subject and tense অনুযায়ী don’t/ didn’t/ doesn’t বসে + subject + verb এর base form + verb এর পরের অংশ +?

Assertive – He played good football.
Interrogative – Didn’t he play good football?
Assertive – She likes ice-cream.
Interrogative – Doesn’t she like ice-cream?

ü  Note; present indefinite tense এ  do/does এবং past indefinite এ did বসে।

v Rule 4:

Assertive sentence এ never থাকলে ever হয় এবং nothing থাকলে anything হয়। auxiliary verb না থাকলে Subject and tense অনুযায়ী প্রথমে do/does/did আনতে হয়। শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

Assertive – You never play football.
Interrogative - Do you ever play football?
Assertive – I have nothing to do?
Interrogative – Have I anything to do?

v Note – Assertive sentence এর subject এ যদি nothing থাকে তাহলে nothing এর জায়গায় what বসে।

Assertive – Nothing can ruin him.
Interrogative – What can ruin him?

v Rule 5:

Everybody/ everyone/all যুক্ত Assertive sentence কে interrogative এ রুপান্তর করার সময় Everybody/ everyone/all এর পরিবর্তে who বসে + Subject and tense অনুযায়ী don’t/ didn’t/ doesn’t বসে + verb এর base form + verb এর পরের অংশ +?

Assertive – Everybody wants to be win.
Interrogative – Who doesn’t wish to be win?
Assertive – Everybody/All loves flowers.
Interrogative – Who doesn’t love flower?

v Rule 6:

Nobody/none/no one interrogative এ রুপান্তর করার সময় –

Nobody/none/no one এর পরিবর্তে who বসে + বাকী অংশ + ?

Assertive – Nobody could ever count my love for you.
Interrogative – Who could ever count my love for you?
Assertive – No one can beat him.
Interrogative – Who can beat him?

                                                                                            Exercise

v Transform the following sentences into interrogative.

1) Prevention is better thanm cure. 2) He was nat a fool. 3) There is nothing to do  but flop down. 4)Nobody could never count my love for you. 5) I have nothing to say. 6)Everybody fears death.7)he likes the late spring. 8) he is an honest man.

                                                                Assertive to Exclamatory

v Rule 1:

প্রথমে what বা how বসে + adjective বসে + subject + verb + বাকী অংশ( যদি থাকে) + !

Þ   Note – adjective এর পূর্বে a থাকলে what a বসে এবং a না থাকলে how বসে.

Assertive - It is a very beautiful place.
Exclamatory – What a beautiful place it is!
Assertive – The man is very honest.
Exclamatory – How honest the man is!

v Rule 2:

Assertive sentence এ wish থাকলে Exclamatory করার সময় শুরুতে if/had বসে।

Assertive – I wish I had the wings of a bird.
Exclamatory – Had I the wings of bird!
Or, If I had the wings of a bird!

Assertive – I wish I were a king.
Exclamatory – If I were a king!

v Rule 3:

Assertive sentence এ wish/desire Exclamatory sentence করার সময় এর শুরুতে If, had, o that, oh that, ইত্যাদি বসে।

Assertive – I wish I were a player.
Exclamatory – If I were a player!
Assertive – I desire I were young again.
Exclamatory – Oh that I were young again.

v Transform the following sentences into Exclamatory;

1)    It is a very lucky day. 2)It is a very beautiful bird.3) the chain was very nice. 4)the sun shone very hotly overhead. 5) it was na exciting game.6) I certainly desired to see her onece.7)he leads a most unhappy lif. 8)I wish I had the wings of a dove.

                                                               Exclamatory to assertive

v Rule 1:

Exclamatory কে Assertive এ করতে হলে -

প্রথমে subject বসে + verb + a/an + very/great + adjective + বাকী অংশ।

Exclamatory – What a nice flower it is!
Assertive – It is a very nice flower.
Exclamatory – What a genius student he is!
Assertive – He is a very genius student.

v Rule 2:

Hurrah যুক্ত Exclamatory কে Assertive এ করতে হলে –

Hurrah এর পরিবর্তে it is a matter of joy + Hurrah এর পরের অংশ।

Exclamatory – Hurrah! We have won the game.
Assertive – It is a matter of joy that we have won the game.
Exclamatory – hurrah! I got the first prize.
Assertive – It is a matter of joy that I have got the first prize.

v Rule 3:

If দ্বারা exclamatory sentence শুরু হলে উক্ত sentence কে Assertive করার নিয়ম –

Exclamatory – If I were a player!
Assertive – I wish I were a player.
Exclamatory – If I could fly!
Assertive – I wish I could fly

.

v Rule 4:

প্রথমে had যুক্ত Exclamatory কে Assertive এ করতে হলে –

Subject + wish + পুনরায় subject বসে + had + বাকী অংশ।

Exclamatory – Had I the pairs of birds!
Assertive – I wish I had the pairs of birds.
Exclamatory – Had I been a king!
Assertive – I wish I had been a king.

v Rule 6:

প্রথমে Alas যুক্ত Exclamatory কে Assertive এ করতে হলে –

Alas এর পরিবর্তে it is a matter of sorrow that + alas এর পরের অংশ।

Exclamatory – Alas! We lost the game!
Assertive – It is a matter of sorrow that we lost the game.
Exclamatory – Alas! He failed in the examination!
Assertive – It is a matter of sorrow that he failed in the examination.

v Rule 7:

প্রথমে Fie যুক্ত Exclamatory কে Assertive এ করতে হলে –

Fie এর পরিবর্তে it is shameful that + fie এর পরের অংশ।

Exclamatory - Fie! He can not tolerate the poor.
Assertive – It is shameful that he can not tolerate the poor.
Exclamatory - Fie! He don’t respect seniors.
Assertive – It is shameful that he don’t respect seniors.

v Rule 8:

প্রথমে Would that যুক্ত Exclamatory কে Assertive এ করতে হলে –

প্রদত্ত subject + wish + Would that এর পরের অংশ।

Exclamatory - Would that I could be a player!
Assertive – I wish I could be a player.
Exclamatory - Would that I could be a child again!
Assertive – I wish I could be a child again.

v Rule 9:

প্রথমে o that যুক্ত Exclamatory কে Assertive এ করতে হলে –

Subject + wish + o that এর পরের অংশ।

Exclamatory – O that you were a cricketer!
Assertive – I wish you were a cricketer.
Exclamatory – O that i were a poet.
Assertive – I wish I were a poet.

Transform the following sentences into assertive:

1)How sweetly the cuckoo sings ! 2) What a nice flower the rose is! 3) What aq big river the Padma is! 4) How talkactive he was! 5) had I been a king 6) It is a matter of joy that we have won the game.